I am running a Windows 10 VM in an Ubuntu host using VMware WS 17.5. I cannot add a virtual printer in the VM to use the USB attached printer on the Ubuntu host.
There seem to be no setting options in WS 17.5 to "add" a device, and Windows settings in the guest do not provide a printer to use.
Per the release notes, the Virtual Printer functionality has been removed in Workstation 17.5.x.
Either connect the USB printer to the VM and install drivers there, or print to PDF and transfer the file to the host to print it.