Greetings - I just found this thread and stopped in to say that this bug is still present in 13.5.0, MacOS 14.2.1. I have tested this on two different Intel Macs and one M1 Mac, all with the same software and OS versions.
Reproducing it is easy:
With a VM running, go to MacOS Settings -> Accessibility -> Keyboard, and enable the toggle for "Full Keyboard Access". Watch the VM crash seconds later. Try to start it. Try to start another VM. Try to create a new VM. All will fail.
Turn off "Full Keyboard Access", and just like that, VMWare Fusion works again.
Hope this helps.