WHOA, a post loaded with questions
VMWare Converter 3.0.3 (Standalone Enterprise Edition)
No, you do not need VirtualCenter to run the Converter StandAlone edition. It works completely independent of VCMS in either form (EXE or CD ISO).
VMWare Converter software I can do so as a plugin inside of VirtualCenter
This is an "additional" feature, but not quite as versatile since it can only hot clone from the plugin. It's also slightly older than the 3.0.3 standalone.
Is a cold clone even possible with what I have?
Yes. You don't even need ESX/VCMS to do a cold clone. If you create a cold clone disc, it also allows you to map a network drive (UNC Path) for you to write to as well. You can also use the more traditional destination of ESX or VirtualCenter
I read that you have to have VMWare Convert Enterprise (not Starter) in order to perform a cold clone.
Correct. You need a License for converter to have access to the Cold Clone ISO download. If you went to the free download page ( http://vmware.com/download/converter/ ), you would only get an EXE to download.