Is there any way to increase it from the guest machine? I do not have access to the VM-Settings.
Maybe forcing windows to run on 16 bit color or 256 colors. I remember my matrox mystique card with 4mb vram could do much higher resolutions than this, but would decrease the colour to 24 bit.
Edit: The adapter has 256Mb of video memory assigned. I've tried "VMwareResolutionSet.exe 0 1 , 0 0 1920 1080" and it does not have any effect. Still does not allow more than 1280x800 on WinServer2012.