Ever since the G5's came out with the 2.5" sleds, folks have been trying to stuff low-cost SATA drives in them instead of Hpe SAS enterprise drives.
Part of the reason for the runaway fans is that the consumer drives are missing temp sensors, or has temp sensors that Hpe doesn't like.
Nevertheless, the Smart Array card doesn't get a temp reading. Since it can't tell if the drive is cool or cooking, it runs the fans as a fail-safe.
There is the conspiracy idea of the cards being allergic to non-Hpe drives, only Hpe can answer that. I can tell you some drives do work fine, and has to do with the reasons above with iLO sensor infos being there.
Just recently I was able to use a WD Purple 6Tb on a P812 controller, and it's a SATA drive, not SAS. iLO loved it.
Doesn't mean that drive will work on all controllers. It's a very 1:1 "gotta test it first" kind of thing.
I'm leaning towards the fact that if the controller can support Hpe's LFF (large form factor) mid-line (= economy) drives, that's a good bet.
You may want to buy drives from a vendor that allows returns and refunds. But I do hear that Jeff Bezos will ban you if you return too much stuff.
I'm rather surprised this isn't happening at the hardware level for you, yet the above is still all true.
If you were able to get Ubuntu and HyperV working, perhaps you may want to try the non-Hpe generic ESXi, but that opens another set of headaches.
You mentioned this was for home lab learning. I would just get whatever "pre-owned" Hpe spindle drives from any source to get things going.