To answer the second question: what you should install with regards to the Windows Client 12.7.
First you need to install the base for SP2 Build 871. Once the base is installed, you can install the Patch 2 since it contains already the fixes for the Patch 1.
When upgrading the Windows Client to a newer version, don't forget to make a backup of the C:\BrightStor SRM Data folder.
The reason why the product page doesn't display the r14.0 documentation is because it is not yet the official release. It is GA and is supported, but its status is still "Incremental Release". You can find all of CA's documentation at docops.ca.com. Besides that, I'd say that 99% of the current customers are still running r12.6 or earlier. Very few customers are running r14.0