I find it a bit difficult to understand your questions to be honest.
1: there are no implications of doing 12+12 other than you will be limited in terms of how big he cluster can get. Stretched unfortunately doesn't go to 64 at this point in time.
2) there's plenty of documentation on core.vmware.com/vsan which goes over what to consider when implementing
3) PFTT = Site Failure, SFTT = Failures within a site/ So if you set it PFTT=1, SFTT=2 then you can sustain 1 site failure, and 2 failures within a site before data will be impacted.