I found the following message in "syslog" appears when I try to run netcfg on the Ubuntu 24.04 (failing) system:
tracker-miner-fs-3[16796]: (tracker-extract-3:16796): GLib-GIO-WARNING **: 11:18:56.250: Error creating IO channel for /proc/self/mountinfo: Invalid argument (g-io-error-quark, 13)
A web search seems to indicate that this is a bug in GLib 2.80.0 which ships with Ubuntu 24.04:
https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/localsearch/-/issues/315
At the moment I've solved my immediate problem by copying /etc/vmware/networking from my working (Ubuntu 22.04) system .. with a couple of hand-edits. Hopefully Ubuntu 24.04 will get a GLib update to 2.80.2, but otherwise I'll update to Ubuntu 24.10 next time I need to change my virtual networks. Of course I'm still not entirely certain this is the problem .. but it seems like a reasonable likelihood.