If you have 4 nodes and one is place into maintenance mode with "Migrate all data", then the cluster could survive unplanned failure of one other node. without data loss.
If you specify "Ensure availability" then there could be one other failure of the node, but data will be available after you recover the node from the maintenance mode. When you place node into maintenance mode, vSAN creates new "delta" components where stores writes made to components, which are missing due to maintenance mode node. This delta needs to be merged with the maintenance mode components before the objects are available again.