The KB specifically lists a problem with the USB 2.0 EHCI controllers, so one can assume that the xhci controllers are not affected.
I have tested adding and removing USB 2.0 and 3.1 controllers to a VM and I think the following code works:
# VMs with USB 1.1 or 2.0 EHCI controller 'USB controller'
Get-VM | ?{$_.ExtensionData.Config.Hardware.Device.DeviceInfo.Label -match "USB controller"}
# VMs with USB 3.1 xHCI controller 'USB xHCI controller'
Get-VM | ?{$_.ExtensionData.Config.Hardware.Device.DeviceInfo.Label -match "xhci"}
This vulnerability reinforces the thought that VMs should only be configured with the hardware they actually need to function.. 99.9% of the VMs I have looked after have no need for a virtual USB controller.