Hi there ,
This is probably not the appropriate place to discuss this because it's not really a VMware issue.
Having that out of the way, you should know that a number of things have changed with the newer OS and Active Directory which means that joining WinXP to these is becoming more difficult. The first you have mentioned is that SMBv1 is not installed (disabled) with some of the latest OS versions.
This is relatively easy to fix however the next issue will be Kerberos. WinXP lived in the days of RC4 encryption for tokens from the KDC. This has been disabled with newer OSes and the default is now AES encryption.
I'm not going to post a link but in your WinXP SP3 machine, you are going to need to install a hotfix to allow WinXP to use AES and the one you are looking for is: KB969442
Obviously, the above is highly recommended to avoid given the age of WinXP and the compromises you are making to security for the domain, however if you enable SMBv1 and install the hotfix in Windows XP, it should work. There might be a limit on the Domain and Forest Functional Level as well, so I'd probably ensure you are not beyond 2008 R2 for this - I haven't confirmed or denied this however.
All standard warranties and disclaimers apply. Any guarantees are null invoid at this point.
Kind regards.