Hi SharkSmart,
The way you exchange text data between process is via pipe or files.
Both of these options are shell based, using the '|' sign for pipes, '<' for console input redirection from a file and '>' for console output redirection to a file.
Additionally in _real_ shells (like bash) you have the option to execute commands with commands (using back ticks '`').
But let's not go there (as it doesn't exist in DOS, the default Windows CLI shell).
Microsoft gives some examples on how to handle data from stdin:
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee156599.aspx
So you your first program outputs the computer name (from whereever you get it, web-service, popup window etc) you can take this output in your next script via VBS stdin functions Read, ReadLine or ReadAll.
Readline will read a single line and return, which is good when you only need to pass a single string, but if you need more _power_ you can use read which allows you to define the count of bytes you'll get from stdin, then you can handle more complex data exchanges etc.
Now how this would tie in Client Agent Tasks is simple: run the cmd shell with your process writen in batch.