There are many malware detection categories in SEP, but the most common non-signature detections are ws.reputation (download insight detection), Heur.AdvML(machine learning), *.Sonar.*(Heuristics), *.bloodhound.* (heuristics), Exp.CVE-* (heuristic for malware using specific exploits)
There are more, but the ones I listed are the most common.
To see the logs follow Brians advice