Glad to hear you got yours resolved ExecD.
I tried to mirror your approach but even with pushing the certificates as initial payloads it didn't work for me. Most of my issues stem from our domain name being different to our public facing domain.
There is an excellent article with a workaround relating to the https bindings, etc here, however due to us being unable to get a signed cert for our FQDN, not workable.
My solution is hacky but it works a treat. I moved all the enrollment and SCEP urls to https port 444 and bound that to my public domain trusted cert. Then communication from the server to APNS can use https 443 using the self-signed FQDN cert.
The device enrolls without drama and there's communication from the mdm server to APNS and down to the device now.
I've updated our Symantec case with the above info to run it past them. I'm not happy with this setup but it's what we need to move forward.