VBA would be the programming language for running a macro within word to call sql/webservices and populate a word document.
But you can call SQL/webservices from *any* programming language really, so work with what you know if you can - I have no idea what you know and whether that can write into Word documents of course.
You could build a REPORT though in Clarity (jaspersoft), that could provide you a document format, then use whatever you have available to upload to Clarity.
(Unfortunately you are not going to get an "easy" answer to all this since it is not something that comes out-of-the-box with Clarity - the closest out-of-the-box thing is a REPORT though)