Hi Jason,
During my investigation I found few kb articles which I think might of some help. I am not sure about the related context but may be you are interested to try on of the solution provided.
https://comm.support.ca.com/kb/While-installing-SDM-141-it-gets-stuck-at-configuration-level-with-errors/KB000043608
https://comm.support.ca.com/kb/integrating-the-products-fails-when-upgrading-to-171/KB000106878
My suspicion is around the OS version as well that you are implementing these applications on?
Operating systems
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Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 as the Standard is that 17.1 Release Notes list the supported Windows versions are MS Windows Server 2012, 2012 R2, 2016 and 2016 R2, each 64-bit only.
For further consideration, the CA SDM 17.1 database support is for MS SQL Server 2012, 2014 and 2016, each Enterprise Edition only.
Additionally, due to requirement of OS and DBMS upgrades, the swing box method of upgrading is recommended.
References:
1. Supportability Matrix:
https://docops.ca.com/ca-service-management/17-1/en/ca-service-management-17-1-release-notes/supportability-matrix#SupportabilityMatrix-Database
2. Upgrade Prerequisites - CA SDM
https://docops.ca.com/ca-service-management/17-1/en/upgrading/upgrade-to-ca-service-management-17-1/upgrading-to-ca-service-desk-manager-17-1/upgrade-prerequisites-ca-sdm
3. Use the Swing Box Method to Upgrade to CA SDM 17.1
https://docops.ca.com/ca-service-management/17-1/en/upgrading/upgrade-to-ca-service-management-17-1/upgrading-to-ca-service-desk-manager-17-1/use-the-swing-box-method-to-upgrade-to-ca-sdm-17-1
Let me know if this helps?