Currently, there is not a way to do it in the UI for versions 14.2 and below.
However, with the new release coming out with the new functionality for 'Aggregate Calculated Attribute' ; you will be able to accomplish this use case.
In the new 14.3 (Eltz ) release do the following steps:
For example if you want to list projects based on the number of key tasks
1. In Studio: Objects, Create a new attribute on the Project Object
Attribute Name = 'Count Key Tasks'
Data Type = Aggregated
click 'Save' button
2. Click 'Build Aggregate Calculated Attribute'
Function = AGG_Count
Sub Object = Task
Attribute = Key Task (task.priskey)
3. Add the attribute to the List View Filter section or use in a power filter