A maximum network latency of 10ms is a hard requirement for VCHA. See: vCenter HA Hardware and Software Requirements
If you can't meet this requirement, the use of VCHA is not recommended and it's basically an unsupported setup. Therefore, there is no officially supported method to set this threshold higher.
Basically I would consider to separate both sides anyway because of this high latency. Usually connections with this high latency are not as fail-safe or stable as you would expect for such an infrastructure (like a direct connect, dark fiber or something else on L1/L2).
Similar to what daphnissov has already said, I would suggest to think about 2 vCenters in linked mode, each managing the components of its site and using VCHA only for local high availability on each site.