The VTPM feature does not rely on an actual TPM chip on the host hardware. It uses software emulation. Once you manage to get it up and running you should see a TPM2EMU process running. If you think about it, it is sort of logical that two or more VMs should not be sharing the use of the same TPM chip on the host nor should the TPM chip be shared between the host and any VM. And if the VTPM is tied to the physical TPM, the VM is no longer portable to other host machines.
The requirements for VTPM to work is that the VM virtual firmware is UEFI.
I am still on version 12.5.9 but did get to try the VTPM feature when Workstation 14.x/Fusion 10.x was on beta.
Assuming the Windows 10 VM you created is already on UEFI as virtual firmware, power off the VM and add the following line to the vmx configuration file.
vtpm.present = "TRUE"
After you add that line, the next time the VM is powered up, it would require that the VM be encrypted (to store the virtual TPM parameters in encrypted form). Since the VM is encrypted, you can no longer manually edit the vmx configuration file unless you decrypt the VM.