I am though curious as to why it doesn't work with "Launch Process Attempts" and it works with "File and folder access".
Could you please explain?
I think the reason is the difference between compiled applications (.exe files) and scripts. Compiled apps can be launched by nearly every program. In most cases it's the Windows Explorer, but that's only one possibility. You can even code a very simple own program to launch other programs.
But scripts do need an interpreter or scripting host. Your .js file cannot be run without wscript.exe. So the ADC rule must prevent the interpreter to read, load, compile and run the script. That's a slightly different task than preventing .exe files from starting.
BTW, there is a default ruleset called "Block access to scripts" in the ADC policy which is a rather universal approach to block scripts.