It depends what update you're trying to apply. It should not affect minor updates, but the major ones (say from 1809 to 1909) are known to fail, and is expected. See the below article about this:
TECH234498
Unable to apply Windows 10 Major Updates on systems Encrypted with Drive Encryption 10.3.2 MP10 and above or Endpoint Encryption 11.1.0 and above
Last Updated May 22, 2018
https://www.symantec.com/docs/TECH234498
This issue is resolved in later versions, but you do need to follow specific steps to allow Windows to do its thing.
For your version, you can follow the below article to upgrade Windows:
HOWTO128174
How to upgrade computers encrypted with Symantec Encryption Desktop to a Windows 10 release
Last Updated December 17, 2019
https://www.symantec.com/docs/HOWTO128174
If you upgrade to 10.4.2MP3 or later however, you can set a simple flag that allows Windows to perform the upgrades itself:
TECH255563
Updating computers encrypted with Symantec Encryption Desktop automatically to a Windows 10 feature update
Last Updated July 31, 2019
https://www.symantec.com/docs/TECH255563